GRE阅读备考先从文章结构切入

GRE阅读文章本身存在一定规律套路，这种套路主要就体现在其文章结构上。考生如果能够熟练掌握GRE阅读文章的常见套路，想要提升阅读速度就会变得容易许多。下面小编就和大家分享GRE阅读备考先从文章结构，欢迎阅读!

GRE阅读备考先从文章结构

GRE阅读文章常见结构：自然社会现象类

考点：顾名思义是对某种自然或社会现象进行分析解释。这类文章在一开始就会描述一种“奇怪”的现象，说它奇怪是因为这种现象发生的频率比较低或者在日常生活中不容易见到，又或者是容易被我们忽略的一些现象。文章的展开也是围绕这一现象进行，首先是对这一现象的描述，然后介绍其产生的原因及所造成的影响，从而间接地表达作者的态度或评价。

应对方法：对于这类文章，考生不仅要对描述的现象有所了解，知道其具体在讲什么，更重的是对该现象的成因解释要理解透彻，明确产生这种现象的真正原因才能在作答时快速准确的从文中找到依据。建议大家在平时的练习中养成剖析文章结构的习惯，这样不仅可以大大提高做题的效率，还能举一反三，考生只要稍作归纳，就可以迅速解题，做到事半功倍。

GRE阅读文章常见结构：两个以上观点对比类

考点：观点对比型的GRE阅读通常会在文章一开始就提出两个或两个以上的观点，并在下文中呈现出对比分析的特点。通过对两个或多个观点的分析比较，间接表现出作者的态度和评价，从而判断文章的主旨和基调。在做题过程中要注意观察作者的态度或评价，因为此类型的文章中通常会有关于作者态度的题目。

应对方法：这类文章主要是考察考生对文章整体的把握程度，对文章结构和内容的分析能力，以及对作者态度评价及逻辑的判断。文章通常围绕新观点展开，明白这一点，就要在平时的练习中多家注意，并养成好的做题习惯，这样才能在考试的时候临危不乱，取得满意的成绩。

GRE阅读文章常见结构：先给结论再做证明类

考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出一个明确的结论，然后在下文中围绕这一结论进行详细论述，通过摆事实和分析论据的方式来证明结论的正确性或可行性。文章的展开通常会以“总-分”的形式来呈现。

应对方法：这类文章一般在首句都会出现一个主题句，即topicsentence，接着下文围绕这一话题展开讨论，并且在讨论的过程中不断抛出论据来证明该结论的正确性。通过对论据的分析考生可以准确判断作者的态度，对接下来的题目练习做好铺垫。考生在平时练习的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，“养兵千日用兵一时”对提升考生的准确率是非常有效的。

GRE阅读文章常见结构：新旧观点对比分析类

考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出两个或两个以上关于新观点的主题句，然后在下文中围绕这一观点进行详细论述和对比分析，并且在对比中会着重凸显作者的态度和观点。下面给大家举例说明一下。

应对方法：同样，此类文章在结构上也会呈现出总-分-总结构，第一段抛出观点之后在接下来的段落中进行针对性的分析，最后一段通常是对比分析后得出的结论汇总。所以在平时做GRE阅读的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，这样在做题的时候就能做到心中有数，下笔有神。

GRE阅读文章常见结构：提出问题设问解答类

考点：问题解答类的文章通常会以问句的形式开始，第一段会提出一个问题或者呈现一个难题，而问题通常是“设问”句。常见的标志词如：problem，difficulty,task, puzzle, challenge,question等词。紧接着会对这一问题进行解答或作出解释，文章围绕这些问题展开讨论分析，并把作者的观点态度贯穿其中。主要考察考生对文章问题的理解以及对所给答案的分析和判断，要求考生有明确的思路和方向。

应对方法：该类文章的大体结构基本可以总结为“提问-解答-表明立场”，考生在读文章的时候一定要把握好文章的基调和作者的评价，善于分析并把握文章的重点，判断作者最想表达的内容。为接下来的作答做好准备。首先，正如上文介绍的，文章一开始就要找出作者提出的文章要讨论的问题。接着，作者会对此给出解答这个问题的重要信息考生对这些信息要进行明确的标注，方便最后的题目解答。最后根据作者对问题作出的回答判断作者的观点和立场，把握文章的主要内容。

GRE阅读的7个出题点

内容简介：

按考到的可能性由高到低排列：

(1)中心思想必考

(2)增减互动关系必考

(3)对照比较点必考，考异性超过了考同性

(4)唯一特征必考

(5)强烈语气必考

(6)修辞提问考的概率较大，自问自答必考

(7)结构解释选考，但引号表示反义时必考....

GRE阅读理解逻辑练习题

1. Armtech, a temporary-employment agency, previously gave its employees2.5 paid vacation days after each 700 hours worked. Armtech's new policy is togive its employees 5.0 paid vacation days after each 1,200

hours worked. Therefore, this new policy is more generous to Armtechemployees in giving them more vacation days per hour worked than the old policydid. Which of the following is an assumption on which

the argument depends?

(A) Most current Armtech employees approve of the company's new vacationpolicy.

(B) A few Armtech employees leave the company before having worked 700hours.

(C) Most Armtech employees were not aware that the company planned tochange its vacation policy until after it had already done so.

(D) A significant portion of Armtech employees stay with the company longenough to work for 1,200 hours.

(E) Armtech's new vacation policy closely matches the vacation policies ofcompeting temporary employment agencies.

2 The global population of frogs has declined in recent years while theamount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth has increased. Since thegenetic material in

frog eggs is harmed when exposed to ultraviolet radi- ation, and since theeggs themselves are not protected by shells or leathery coverings but aregelatinous, the frog population decline is probably due, at least in part, tothe ultraviolet radiation increase. Which of the following, if true, providesthe strongest support for the argument?

(A) Even in those regions where there has been no significant increase inultraviolet radiation, only a small proportion of the frog eggs that are laidever hatch.

(B) In areas where there has been the least decline in frog populations,populations of species of insects that frogs eat have decreased.

(C) The eggs of frog species whose populations are declining tend to havehigher concentrations of damaging pesticides than do the eggs of frog specieswhose populations have not declined.

(D) In many places where turtles, which lay eggs with tough, leatherycoverings, share habitats with frogs, turtle populations are also indecline.

(E) Populations of frog species that hide their eggs beneath rocks or undersand have declined considerably less than have populations of frog species thatdo not cover their eggs.

3 To improve productivity, manufacturing companies have recently begunrestructuring work to produce more goods with fewer assembly-line workers, andthe companies have laid off many workers as a

consequence. The workers laid off have been those with the leastseniority(time on the job), generally

the younger workers.The statements above, if true, most strongly supportwhich of the following as a conclusion?

(A) The products manufactured by the companies are not undergoing designchanges while the manufacturing jobs are being restructured.

(B) When assembly-line workers have made sug- gestions for improvements inmanufacturing processes, some suggestions have been implemented, but many havenot.

(C) Assembly-line workers now need increased reading and mathematicalskills to do their jobs.

(D) Some of the innovations in assembly-line processes and procedures thatwere made to increase productivity have instead proved to becounterproductive.

(E) The manufacturing companies are increasing the average age of theirassembly-line workforce while still seeking to increase production.

4.During the nineteenth century, Britain's urban popu- lation increased asits rural population diminished. A historian theorizes that, rather thanindustrialization's

being the cause, this change resulted from a series of migrations to urbanareas, each occasioned by a depression in the agrarian economy. To test thishypoth-

esis, the historian will compare economic data with population census data.The historian's hypothesis would be most strongly supported if which of thefollowing were found to be

true?

(A) The periods of greatest growth in the industrial economy wereassociated with a relatively rapid decline in the rural population.

(B) The periods of greatest weakness in the agrarian economy wereassociated with relatively slow growth in the population as a whole.

(C) Periods when the agrarian economy was compar- atively strong and theindustrial economy com- paratively weak were associated with a particu- larlyrapid decline in the rural population.

(D) Periods when the agrarian and industrial econo- mies were both strongwere associated with particularly rapid growth in the urban popula- tion.

(E) The periods of greatest strength in the agrarian economy wereassociated with relatively slow growth in the urban population.

5 Politician：Each year, small businesses create more jobs than do largeestablished businesses. Therefore, in order to reduce unemployment in the longterm, we should provide incentives for starting small businesses rather than forexpanding established large businesses. Which of the following, if true, caststhe most doubt on the politician's argument?

(A) In general, people employed by small businesses report higher jobsatisfaction than do people employed by large businesses.

(B) Among the currently unemployed are many people with sufficient jobskills to perform the jobs that small businesses would create.

(C) Providing an effective incentive for starting a business generallycosts significantly less than providing an effective incentive for expanding alarge business.

(D) A high proportion of small businesses fail within three years ofstarting because of their owners' inexperience.

(E) The average large business contributes more money to politicians’campaign funds than the average small business does.

6 In the workplace, influenza is typically spread by infected individualsto others with whom they work in close quarters. A new medication thatsuppresses the symptoms of influenza therefore will actually increase the numberof influenza cases, because this medication will allow people who wouldotherwise be home in bed to return to work while infected. Which of thefollowing, if true, most seriously chal- lenges the prediction?

(A) Coughing, a symptom of influenza that the new medication suppresses, isa primary mechanism in the spread of this illness.

(B) Some medications that are used to suppress symptoms of influenza arealso used by many people to treat symptoms that are caused not by influenza butby other illnesses.

(C) Many workers who now remain at home when infected with influenza do sobecause the symptoms of influenza prevent them from per-

forming their jobs effectively.

(D) Most adults who are immunized against influ- enza in order to avoidbeing infected are over 65 years old and retired and thus do not work

outside the home.

(E) Symptoms of an illness are often the body's means of curing itself ofthe illness, and there-

fore suppression of symptoms can prolong the illness that causes them.

7 Editorial：
Critics of nuclear power complain about the allegedly seriousharm that might result from continued operation of existing nuclear powerplants. But such concerns do not justify closing these plants;after all, theiroperation has caused no more harm than that caused by pollution generated bycoal-and oil-burning power plants, the most important other sources of energy.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Existing nuclear power plants should be closed only if it can beconclusively demonstrated that their continued operation is likely to cause harmmore serious than the harm their operation has already caused.

(B) Closing existing nuclear power plants would require greatly increasedreliance on coal-and oil-burning power plants.

(C) The harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal-andoil-burning power plants has been significant.

(D) The harm that a nuclear power plant is likely to cause as it continuesto operate can be reliably predicted from the past history of nuclear powerplants.

(E) The only harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal-andoil-burning power plants has resulted from the pollution generated by theseplants.

8 Drug manufacturer: Although our company requires that patients who useour new drug also pur- chase from us nonreusable kits for weekly blood testing,the expense of those kits is an entirely necessary one: weekly blood testingmust be done to monitor the drug's potential side effects, which can be verydangerous. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weak- ens themanufacturer's argument?

(A) The expense of purchasing the blood-test kits has not prevented anypatients from obtaining them or the drug.

(B) Medical laboratories can perform the blood test- ing at a lower cost topatients or their insurers than the price the manufacturer charges for thekits.

(C) A one-year supply of the drug and the weekly blood-test kits can costpatients or their insurers over $10,000.

(D) Most government and other health insurance programs will not reimbursepatients for the full cost of both the drug and the blood-test kits.

(E) Patients who suffer one or more of the danger- ous side effects of thedrug can incur heavy expenses for the treatment of those side effects.

9 Virginia and her brother William disagree over when their father wasborn: Virginia claims it was in 1935 and William claims it was in 1933. Thehospital where their father was born has no records for 1933 but has completerecords for 1935—records that do not include a birth record for their father.Therefore, he must have been born in 1933. The argument depends on which of thefollowing assumptions?

(A) Either Virginia's claim or William's claim is correct.

(B) The records of the hospital where their father was born date back to1933.

(C) Virginia and William know the day and the month of their father'sbirth.

(D) There are urgent practical reasons why Virginia and William must knowthe date of their father's birth.

(E) None of their other relatives knows the year in which Virginia andWilliam's father was born.

10 The town of San Leonardo has recently enacted a law banning smoking inall restaurants within town limits. Since many smokers who normally dine in SanLeonardo's restaurants will not want to refrain from smoking during their meals,San Leonardo's restau- rants will undoubtedly lose many patrons and con-siderable income. Which of the following, if true, most helps to strengthen theargument above?

(A) Most residents of San Leonardo who eat in res- taurants are notsmokers.

(B) Most smokers who dine in the company of non- smokers are willing torefrain from smoking during their meals.

(C) If the law banning smoking in restaurants had not been enacted, it islikely that a more stringent law banning smoking in all public places in SanLeonardo would have been enacted instead.

(D) Prior to the enactment of the law banning smoking in San Leonardo'srestaurant, the town had a law that required most restaurants to have nonsmokingsections.

(E) None of the other communities adjacent to San Leonardo, which haverestaurants comparable to those of San Leonardo, has enacted and enforces anyantismoking legislation.

11. Children whose biological parents both have Tic Syndrome Z (TSZ), whichis characterized by the involuntary contraction of certain muscles, are aboutfour times more likely to develop such contractions than are children whosebiological parents do not have TSZ, It is likely, therefore, that predispositionto TSZ is an inherited trait. Which of the following, if true, would moststrengthen the conclusion above?

(A) Children whose parents have TSZ are more likely to develop TSZ if theyare under unusual stress at school or at home than if they are not under suchstress.

(B) Children whose biological parents do not have TSZ are more likely todevelop TSZ if they are raised by adoptive parents with TSZ than if they areraised by their biological parents.

(C) Children whose biological parents have TSZ are as likely to develop TSZif they are raised by adoptive parents who do not have TSZ as if they are raisedby their biological parents.

(D) Children whose biological parents have TSZ and who develop TSZ usuallyavoid developing a severe form of the syndrome if they seek treatment for TSZshortly after developing the first signs of it.

(E) Children with TSZ whose biological parents do not have TSZ are lesslikely to have the syn- drome diagnosed when symptoms first appear than arechildren with TSZ whose biological parents have TSZ.

12. Playing eighteenth-century music on the instruments of that periodprovides valuable information about how the music originally sounded.Eighteenth-century instruments cannot be played without being restored, however,and restoring such an instrument destroys all of the information thatresearchers could obtain from it about eighteenth-century instrument-makingtechniques.

If the statements above are true, which of the following must be true onthe basis of them?

(A) Eighteenth-century instruments cannot be used to provide informationabout the original techniques used in playing such instruments if they have beenrestored.

(B) Eighteenth-century instruments that have been restored can provideinformation only about how eighteenth-century music originally sounded

(C) Eighteenth-century instruments are the only source of information aboutthe instrument-making techniques of that period.

(D) An eighteenth-century instrument that has not been restored can providemore information than can one that has been restored.

(E) An eighteenth-century instrument cannot serve as a source of newinformation about eighteenth-century instrument-making techniques once it can beplayed

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