国家开放大学电大《宪法学》2021期末试题及答案（试卷号：2106）

国家开放大学电大《宪法学》2021期末试题及答案（试卷号：2106） 盗传必究 一、单项选择题（以下每题四个选项中，只有一个是正确的，请将其选出。每题2分，共10题，计20分） 1．选举权的普遍性是指( )。

A.-个国家内享有选举权的公民的广泛程度 B．所有公民都享有选举权 C．全体人民均有选举权 D．一切公民在平等的基础上进行选举 2．我国采取( )国家结构形式。

A．单一制 B．复合制 C．君主立宪制 D．共和制 3．全国人大常委会会议期间其组成人员提出对国务院各部、委质询案的条件是( )。

A．5人以上联名 B．10人以上联名 C．15人以上联名 D．20人以上联名 4．资产阶级学者以宪法是否具有统一的法典形式，将宪法分为( )。

A．钦定宪法与民定宪法 B．规范宪法与不规范宪法 C．刚性宪法与柔性宪法 D．成文宪法与不成文宪法 5．下列说法，错误的是( )。

A．公民的人身自由不受侵犯 B．任何公民，非经人民检察院批准或者决定或者人民法院决定，并由公安机关执行，不受逮捕。

C．禁止非法拘禁和以其他方法非法剥夺或者限制公民的人身自由 D．禁止搜查公民的身体 6．下列关于两党制的表述，错误的是( )。

A．两党制产生于英国 B．两党制是指一个国家只存在两个政党 C．有很多西方资本主义国家采用两党制 D．两党制没有改变资本主义的本质 7．如果全国人大常委会认为必要，或者有( )以上的全国人大代表提议，可以临时召集全国人民代表大会会议。

A．二分之一 B．三分之一 C．四分之一 D．五分之一 8．被马克思誉为第一个人权宣言的是( )。

A.《独立宣言》 B．《世界人权宣言》 C.《人权宣言》 D．《权利请愿书》 9．我国的政党制度是( )。

A.-党制 B．两党制 C．多党制 D．共产党领导的多党合作制 10.中华人民共和国公民有受教育的( )。

A.权利 B．义务 C权利和义务 D．责任 二、多项选择题（以下每题四个选项中，至少有两个是正确的，请将其选出。每题2分，共10题，计20分） 11.属于民族自治地方自治机关的是( )。

A.自治区的人民代表大会和人民政府 B．自治州的人民代表大会和人民政府 C．自治县的人民代表大会和人民政府 D．民族乡的人民政府 12.宪法规定，国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依照法律规定对土地实行( )。

A.没收 B．征收 C．征用 D．并给予补偿 13.我国的基层人民法院是指( )。

A．县、自治县人民法院 B．不设区的市、市辖区的人民法院 C．乡、民族乡、镇的人民法庭 D．省辖市的人民法院 14.国家主席根据全国人民代表大会的决定和全国人民代表大会常务委员会的决定，有权( )。

A.公布法律 B．任免国务院总理 C．任免国务院各部部长 D．宣布国家进入紧急状态 15.宪法规定，人民行使国家权力的机关是( )。

A.中央人民政府 B．地方各级人民政府 C．全国人民代表大会 D．地方各级人民代表大会 16.根据我国现行《宪法》之规定，中华人民共和国公民在( )的情况下，有从国家和社会获得物质帮助的权利。

A．自然灾害 B．年老 C．疾病 D．丧失劳动能力 17.资本主义的政党的作用主要包括( )。

A．参加选举 B．控制议会 C．控制政府 D．控制法院 18.政治权利和自由是公民基本权利的重要内容。根据我国《宪法》的规定，下列属于公民的政治权利和自由的是 ( )。

A.选举权 B．被选举权 C．言论自由 D．出版自由 19.下列说法，正确的是( )。

A．矿藏、水流、森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等自然资源，都属于国家所有 B．国家保障自然资源的合理利用，保护珍贵的动物和植物 C．个别组织或者个人在特殊情况下可以侵占或者破坏自然资源 D．城市的土地属于国家所有 20.下列属于全国人民代表大会代表必须履行的职责是( )。

A.模范地遵守宪法和法律 B．同原选举单位和群众保持密切联系 C．在自己参加的生产、工作和社会活动中，协助宪法和法律的实施 D．接受原选举单位和群众监督 三、填空题（请根据题意，将题目空缺部分填写完整。每空1分，共10空，计10分） 21.我国现行《宪法>在序言中明确宣布：“本宪法以法律的形式确认了中国各族人民奋斗的成果，规定了国家的根本制度和根本任务，是国家的根本法，具有最高的法律效力。” 22.现行宪法第57条规定，全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。它的常设机关是全国人民代表大会常务委员会。全国人民代表大会每届任期五年。

23.特别行政区体现了“一国两制”的理论。

24.国家实行社会主义市场经济。

25.宪法的修改，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会或者五分之一以上的全国人民代表大会代表提议，并由全国人民代表大会以全体代表的三分之二以上的多数通过。法律和其他议案由全国人民代表大会以全体代表的过半数通过。

四、名词解释（请对以下名词进行解释。每题5分，共4题，计20分） 26.中国人民政治协商会议：是中国人民爱国统一战线的组织，是中国共产党领导的，实现各民主党派及其他爱国民主人士进行政治协商的重要机构。

27.刚性宪法：是指制定和修改宪法的机关或程序与普通法律不同。

28.公民权利：是指公民依照宪法和法律的规定，有从事一定行为和要求他人作出或不作出某种行为，以实现某种权利或愿望。

29.平等权：是公民平等地享有权利，不受任何差别对待，要求国家同等保护的权利与原则。

五、简答题（请对以下问题进行简要回答。每题8分，共2题，计16分） 30.简述宪法规范的特点。

答：宪法规范具有以下几个特点：

(1)宪法规范是最高的法律规范。这一特点是由宪法的最高法律地位与效力决定的。宪法的一切规范都是最高的法律规范。（3分） (2)宪法规范的包容性和概括性。宪法规范的包容性，是指宪法内容的范围十分广泛，而且它容纳了执政者以外各个阶层和群体的利益。（3分） (3)宪法规范的制裁性具有特殊的表现形式。维护宪法除需依靠法律手段外，还需依赖从政者政治道德观念和公民宪法意识的增强。（2分） 31．简述我国国务院的职权主要有哪些？ 答：(1)行政法规的制定和发布权。（2分） (2)行政措施的规定权。（1分） (3)提出议案权。（1分） (4)对所属部、委和地方各级行政机关的领导权及监督权。（1分） (5)对国防、民政、文教、经济等各项工作的领导和管理权及对外事务的管理权。（1分） (6)行政人员的任免、奖惩权。（1分） (7)最高国家权力机关授予的其他职权。（1分） 六、论述题（请根据题目要求，对所给问题展开论述。共1题，计14分） 32．论述宪法实施监督的方式。

答：宪法实施监督的方式概括起来主要有以下几种：

第一，事先审查，又称预防性审查。即在法律、法规的制定过程中，由专门机关进行审查，经审查认可后才能颁布。（3分） 第二、事后审查。即对已经生效的法律、法规在执行或适用过程中，因为对它的合宪性产生怀疑而予以审查。（3分） 第三、附带性审查，又称具体性审查或个案审查。即司法机关审理具体案件时，对所适用的法律法规是否违宪进行审查。（3分） 第四、宪法控诉。即公民个人的宪法权利受到侵害时，有权向宪法实施的监督机关提出控诉的一种制度。（3分） 我国宪法实施监督是采用事先审查与事后审查相结合的方式。（2分）

试卷代号：1162

中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语Ⅱ(2) 试题

2010年1月

第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）

1-5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

1.Can you help me clear up the me?-------------------- A.Tell me who made it B.No trouble at allC.Yes, that\\"ll be all right D.No problem 3.Is it going to be warm next week?------------------- A.Yes, it is B.I don\\"t believe it C.No, it hasn\\"t D.It changes all the time 5.15小题：阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

6.Unfortunately the poor girl can\\"t do anything but ------- .all her belongings at alow price.A.to sell B.sellingC.sell D.sold 7.They were asked to avoid _ any water which had not been boiled. A.drinking B.to drink C.having D.not to be drunk 8.John was bored, _ he left his life in England.. A.in addition B.so C.however D.furthermore 9.She is very careful.She _ very few mistakes in her work. A.does B.takesC.makes D.gets 10.The workers are busy _ models for the exhibition. A.to make B.with makingC.being making D.making 11.--------- you change your mind, I won\\"t be able to help you. A.When B.UnleC.While D.So 12.We are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer. A.to rearrange B.rearrange C.rearranged D.rearranging 13.Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _--------- last night. A.must rajn B.was raining C.may be raining D.must have rained 14.Do you think Tommy is--------- the truth? A.sayingB.tellingC.speaking D.talking 15.John fell asleep _

he was listening to the music.A.while B.before C.after D.as soon as 第三部分完形填空（每题2分，共20分）

16carrots can be made to taste of chocolate andapples can be made 18 .Some food that appears the same has been 19 improved, forexample, fish can be made to grow faster.Should we \\"be pleased or worried? Will newtechnology bring benefits, or is it about to g0 20 control? Genetically engineered foods are produced by taking genetic material from one speciesand transferring it 21 another.For example, an 6antifreeze\\" gene which appearsnaturally in Arctic fish has been introduced into tomatoes and strawberries 22 they don\\"t freezein cold weather; a human gene has been introduced into pigs to make them 23 morequickly. Some claim great advantages.They point out that crops can be made stronger and moredisease resistant, _ 24 _ pesticides can be reduced.They also maintain that food can bemade more nutritious

or that the fat content can 25 to make it healthier.16.A.are B.were C.is D.be 17.A.such that B.such as C.so that D.so as 18.A.more red B.much red C.redder D.reder 19.A.scientifically B.science C.scientific D.scientifical 20.A.under B.into C.out D.out of 21.A.for B.to C.out D.into 22.A.such that B.in order to C.so that D.so as to 23.A.grow B.to grow C.growing D.grown 24.A.because B.cause C.result D.so 25.A.be reducing B.be reduced C.reduced D.reducing 第四部分 阅读理解（共计30分，每小题2分） 26I gue you can put up with a mattre on the floor! 26.This paage is a letter of . A.an informal invitation B.a formal invitation C.thanks D.complaint 27.When Charles writes, "I\\"m sorry about the lack of warning", he means that he is sorry that _ . A: he did not give Bob a warning when Bob was unce in danger B.he is short of money, so he is not able to help Bob C.he should have given Bob a warning when he is in difficulty D.he is not able to write this letter to Bob earlier 28.Charles and his wife decided to hold the house-warming party9 mainly because A.they decided to have a rest after being busy moving to the new house B.they still had a little money left to afford the party C.the new motorway was open D.they wanted to meet their friends very much 29.From the letter we know that the new house that Charles moved in is B.two hours away from downtown A.very big x C.in a new housing estate D.easy to find in the map 30.In the sentence "Barbara and l hope that you can make it...", the phrase "make it" is used to say that Bob can A.manage to attend their party B.find their new house in two hours C.do the trip from Bedford to Flinders D.put up with a mattre on the floor 短文理解2 Cash of all kinds, the French franc, the German mark, and the Italian lira, is bound to disappear physically.The paper notes and gold coins may soon become curious collections of the pre-electronic age.Digital money can replace every use of cash money.It is true that electronic money has been around for decades.Each week billions of institutional dollars flow through the Interbank Payment System through telephone wires and satellite links.But in the 21st century, entirely new forms of digital moneywill become the means

of most personal financial trade.What a great change this will be! Digital credit cards, smart cards, electronic wallets and electronic checks will change our way of life in the 21st century.They are efficient and easy to use.Customers will not take money with them when they go shopping.They will pay their\\"bills from a smart cell phone or they will buy their coffee by using a digital credit card.How convenient it will be! And how easily people will do their shopping in such a way! With so many changes these days, the Internet will help speed up the end of cash.In Europe, some banks have been offering people electronic cash since late last year.Customers can withdraw money from their accounts through the bank\\"s website and store their incomes on their home PCs.As the electronic cash is downloaded, the customers\\" bank accounts are recorded.Since customers can use electronic cash to buy things on the Internet, electronic cash will transform the Internet into a global marketplace for everything.It is going to have a very big impact on our lives.The low cost of computer and communications has created a worldwide medium not just for finance, but also for many other things in our life.The Age of Internet has brought e-businees to our life, which perhaps will form the backbone of our economy.Mom and Pop can go global40小题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确(T)、错误(F),还是文字中没有涉及相关信息(NG)。 阅读理解3 CETACEANS: FACT FILE There are over 80 species of whales, dolphins and porpoises, known collectively as "cetaceans", throughout the world.They come in all shapes and sizes.Here are some facts and figures about these incredible animals. 1.Largest The blue whale is the heaviest and Jongest animal on Earth.The average adult length is 25m for males and 26.2m for females, with body weights of 90-120 tonnes. 2.Smallest Hector\\"s dolphin is the world\\"s shortest cetacean.They may be only l.2m long when fully grown. 3.Largest Appetite A blue whale eats up t0 4 tonnes of krill daily.This is equivalent to eating a fully grown African elephant every day. 4.Deepest Dive The sperm whale is believed to dive deeper than any other cetacean.They have been known to

dive as deep as 2000m. 5.Longest Lived One bowhead whale is reported to have been 130 years old when it died.6.Heaviest Brain The sperm whale has the world\\"s heaviest brain which can weigh up t0 9.2kg.This compares with the average l.4kg for the brain of an adult human. 7.Most Endangered The baiji dolphin, or Chinese river dolphin, is the rarest dolphin in the world and isreported to be endangered.It lives in the Yangtze River in China.Conservation measures arebeing taken by the Chinese to save it..Questions 36-40: 36.Hector\\"s dolphin is the smallest fish in the world. 37.Blue whales eat as much as an African elephant does every day.38.Some whales can live for as long as 130 years. 39.Whales are cleverer than humans. 40.The brain of a sperm whale can be over 6 times heavier than a human one.第五部分书面表达（20分）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an email to口businepartner named Robert in London about your trip next week.You should write at least 80words and base your email on the Chinese outline below: 1．接受邀请下星期到英国观光旅游。2．希望对方能到机场接你。 3．告诉对方你抵达的日期和航班号等。

试卷代号：1 1 62 中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试

英语Ⅱ(2) 试题答案及评分标准

第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）

1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C 第二部分词汇与结构（共计20分．每小题2分）

6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D11．B 12．C13．D 14．B 15．A第三部分完形填空（共计20分，每小题2分）

16．A17.B 18．C 19．A 20．D21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B第四部分 阅读理解（共计30分，每小题2分） 26．A27.D 28．B 29．C 30.A31．C 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．C36.F 37.F 38.T 39.NG 40.T第五部分 写作（共计20分）

Sample Dear Robert, I\\"m very pleased to accept the kind invitation you extended in your last email.I\\"mplanning to spend my holiday in Britain next week.Since this is my first visit to your country, I hope you will be able to meet me at the airport.My flight details-the plane leaves Beijing at 12:30 next Thursday and arrives in London at 14:30 (local time).The flight number is CA1347. Thank you and looking forward to meeting you in London.Linlin

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