英语翻译技巧：比较结构

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英语翻译技巧：比较结构

从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：Iam taller than he.(我比他高)。因此，这里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。

一、as…as…句型

(一)as…as…句型

as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“…和….一样”。

My parcel is as heavy as yours.

我的包裹和你的包裹一样重。

She is as much interested in music as ever.

她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。

The economic development in our country is as stable recently asformerly.

近，我国的经济发展和以前一样稳定。

(二)not as (or so)…as…句型

跟as…as…句型相反的结构not as (or so)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者，所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。

My uncle is not as (or so) tall as your father.

我叔叔不如你父亲高。

People are not so honest as they once were.

人们现在不如过去那样诚实了。

(三)not so much …as…句型

not so much …as…这个结构表示的基本意义和not as (or so)…as…一样，但是通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。

He was not so much angry as disappointed.

他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。(可以理解为：“他的生气不如失望多”，就是说“他更多的是失望，愤怒是其次。”)

The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

海洋与其说是把世界分割开来，还不如说是把世界连接在一起。

(四)not so much as…句型

not so much as…这个结构相当于“not even…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。请注意与not so much…as…这个结构的区别。

He didn’t so much as ask me to set down.

他甚至没有请我坐下。

He cannot so much as spell a word.

他甚至连一个词也不会写.

He hadn’t so much as his fare home.

他甚至连回家的路费都没有了。

二、比较级+ than to do…句型

由比较级与than to do sth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。

You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.

你不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。

I have more sense than to tell him about our plan.

我不至于傻到会把我们的计划告诉他。

I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes.

我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。

三、more…than…句型

(一)more A than B句型

more A than B通常用于同一个人或者事物在两个不同性质或者特征上面的比较。翻译为“与其说B，不如说A”。类似的结构还有less A thanB，翻译为“与其说A，不如说B”，请注意这两个结构中“与其实说”与“不如说”的对象，即A与B两者的在翻译中的位置。

He is more good than bad.

与其说他很坏，不如说他很好。

He is less good than bad.

与其说他很好，不如说他很坏。

He is more a writer than a teacher.

与其说他是老师，不如说他是作家。

(二)more than…句型

在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该用不同的汉语词来翻译。

1.more than后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。

I have known him for more than twenty years.

我已经认识她二十多年了。

I have more than ten dollars in my pocket.

我口袋里还有十多美元。

2.more than后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。

He is more than a father to her.

他待她胜过父亲。

He more than smiled, but laughed.

他不只是微笑，而是放生大笑。

3.more than后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。

She was more than kind to us.

他对我们非常友好。

He was more than upset by the accident.

这个意外事故让他非常心烦。

4.more than… can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。

That is more than I can understand.

那件事情，我实在是不明白。

The cold was more than the children could bear.

寒冷是孩子们所不能忍受的。

(三)no more …than…句型

no more …than…句型在意义上与not any morethan….一样，表示对两者都否定，所以可以翻译为“…和….一样不，不…正如…，既不…也不…，…和…两者都不”。跟no more…than…句型相近，但是意义相反的句型是no less…than…，可以翻译为“既是…，也是…，两者都是…”。

His grammar is no better than mine.

他的语法同我的一样不好。

He is no more a writer than a painter.

他既不是画家也不是作家。

He is no less a writer than a painter.

他既是画家也是作家。

I am no more a poet than he is a scholar.

我不是诗人，正如他不是学者一样。

2020年翻译资格考试笔译三级练习题

Are you interested in seeing the beautiful fall foliage of New England buttired of traffic jams and overbooked hotels? Then this year forget the crowds inNew England and see the beautiful colors of autumn in the Catskills.

These rugged mountains in New York State, just 90 miles northwest of NewYork City, are famous for the legendary tales of Rip Van Winkle, and morerecently for the summer hotels that sprang up in the region during the 1940s,1950s, and 1960s. Families trying to escape the heat of New York City found theCatskills to be the perfect place to stay for a month or so each summer. By thelate 1950s there were over 500 resorts and hotels offering nighttimeentertainment as well as all kinds of outdoor activities. Famous comedians likeJackie Gleason, Joan Rivers, and Sid Caesar all got their start touring thehotel clubs here. Since the introduction of air-conditioning and cheaper airtravel, however, families have stopped coming to the Catskills in such largenumbers, choosing instead more distant locations at different times of the year.Many of the Catskills hotels closed in the 1970s, but some remain and haveexpanded and changed their facilities to meet the needs of today’s visitors.

Currently, there are many activities available to the traveler besideswitnessing the changing colors of the leaves. There is an all-organic sheep farmwhere visitors can see how a traditional sheep farm operates. There are alsohundreds of miles of scenic drives in the area. Route 42, for instance, is anexcellent site for spotting bald eagles. For more information on vacations inthe Catskills, call the Office of Public Information.

61. The author’s main purpose is to ________.

A. promote the Catskills as a vacation destination

B. introduce visitors to famous Catskills entertainers

C. describe the history of the Catskills region

D. compare the Catskills to New England

62. The word “rugged” underlined in Paragraph 2 means ________.

A. barren

B. rough

C. tall

D. lush

63. According to the passage, the decline in the number of resorts in the1970s was caused by ________.

A. television

B. shorter vacations

C. affordable air travel

D. more traffic

64. The phrase “sprang up” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to somethingthat has ________.

A. burst forth

B. spread out

C. operated vigorously

D. joined together

65. In what season would a tourist most likely have visited the Catskillsin the 1950s?

A. Fall.

B. Winter.

C. Spring.

D. Summer.

66. The author’s tone in this passage is ________.

A. light and encouraging

B. informative and scientific

C. humorous and skeptical

D. regretful and reminiscent

67. From the passage, what might a visitor be lucky enough to do?

A. See fall leaves in color.

B. See a kind of bird.

C. Work on a sheep farm.

D. Drive on scenic roads.

68. The word “drives” underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.

A. excursions

B. tracks

C. paths

D. canyons

69. The word “spotting” underlined in Paragraph 3 means ________.

A. photographing

B. seeing

C. painting

D. shooting

70. The author implies that in the Catskills there are few ________.

A. leaves

B. eagles

C. people

D. sheep

参考答案：

61. A 62.B 63. C 64. A 65. D

66. A 67.B 68. A 69. B 70. C

2020年catti笔译三级强化练习题

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development ofattitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect thebehavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire” is one instance;another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the factthat attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct andimpressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis wereindoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read. Theclassroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic positionto　influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudesfrom those adults whose word they respect. Another reason it is true is thatpupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only beentouched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a childwho had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method ofhandling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans. Themedia through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable.Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities),science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom…these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotionalreactions. However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, itis unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling orscolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtainconstructive experiences. To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemenwill probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhoodofficer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class ofolder children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outsidereading and all-day trips. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her ownattitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personalprejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues andquestions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions asa result of objective analysis of all the facts.

81.The central idea of the above passage is that ________.

A. attitudes affect our actions

B. teachers are important in developing or changing pupils’ attitudes

C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences

D. by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils’ attitudes

82. The word “despot” underlined in Paragraph 2 means a person________.

A. who enjoys a high reputation

B. who is very successful in politics

C. with unlimited powers

D. who deposits a large sum of money in a bank

83. The pupils’ attitudes are NOT influenced by ________.

A. their parents’ persuasion to behave properly

B. their teachers’ attitudes

C. the speeches they hear and the books they read

D. such media as social studies, science matter and classroomatmosphere

84. It can be inferred from the passage that the pupils ________.

A. usually study a certain subject in greater details at home than atschool

B. usually do not study a certain subject at home

C. study the subjects only at school

D. study a subject more deeply at school than at home

85. The example of the pupils’ learning about Mexico shows that________.

A. a child usually learns the right things from their teachers

B. a teacher can correct a pupil’s wrong ideas

C. a teacher’s attitude can influence a child’s attitude by teaching

D. a child’s attitude is very changeable

86. The author implies that ________.

A. the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her ownattitude

B. in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can beused in the upper grades than in the lower grades

C. people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than emotion

D. children’s attitudes often come from those of other children

87. A statement made or implied in the passage is that ________.

A. attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods

B. a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importance ofbrushing his teeth

C. attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures

D. the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influencedprimarily by their teachers

88. The passage specifically states that ________.

A. direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones

B.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introducedat home

C. teachers should always conceal their own attitudes

D. teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children

89. From the last paragraph, we can see that ________.

A. a teacher’s influence on children is always positive

B. children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions by ignoringobjective facts

C. if improperly handled, a teacher’s influence can be very harmful to thechildren

D. children may develop prejudices if the teacher’s attitude is wrong

90. The author of this passage tries to ________.

A. present certain facts of how the development of a person’s attitude canbe influenced

B. how that our society is not doing enough to help children shape theirattitudes

C. point out that teachers are the only people who can influence thechildren’s attitudes

D. prove that speeches and books are the only factors to indoctrinatechildren

参考答案：

81. B 82.C 83. A 84. D 85. C

86. B 87.D 88. D 89. C 90. A

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